Skip to main content
TurkuazLab - Türkiye’de Kutuplaşmayı Azaltmak için Stratejiler ve Araçlar Projesi
Menu
  • Hakkında
    • Proje Hakkında
    • Proje Ekibi
  • Duyurular
  • Projelerimiz
    • Türkiye’de Kutuplaşmanın Boyutları 2015
    • Türkiye’de Kutuplaşmanın Boyutları 2017
    • Türkiye’de Kutuplaşmanın Boyutları 2020
    • İnfodemi ile Etkin Mücadele
    • Türkiye’de Dezenformasyon Direnci İnşa Etmek
    • İnfodemi Eğitimi
  • Kaynaklar
    • Kutuplaşmayı Nasıl Aşarız?
    • Dünyadaki Çalışmalar
    • Türkiye’deki Çalışmalar
    • Akademik Kaynaklar
    • Medya – Blog Yazıları
    • Sesli Sözlük
    • Podcast
    • Webcast
  • Yayınlar
  • Çevrimiçi Eğitim Aracı
  • İletişim
  • ENGLISH
Press enter to begin your search
Close Search

Akademik Kaynaklar

    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Divide and Conquer: Voting Patterns and Erdoğan’s Campaign Strategy Ahead of Turkey’s Snap Election. (2015). Bipartisan Policy Center.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Erdoğan, E. (2018, February). Dimensions of Polarization in Turkey: Social Distance, Perceived Moral Superiority, and Political Intolerance. The German Marshall Fund of the United States.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Esen, B., & Yardımcı-Geyikçi, Ş. (2019). An Alternative Account of the Populist Backlash in the United States: A Perspective from Turkey. PS: Political Science & Politics, 52(3).
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Esmer, Y. (2015). Economic Crisis and Political Polarization. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 11(1), 129–146.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Kasalak, K., & Uçar, F. (2014). Türk Siyasetinde Cepheleşme/Kutuplaşma Olgusunun Dinamikleri ve Milliyetçi Cephe Hükümetleri. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 33(4), 41–54.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Kaya, A. (2013). Tolerance and Cultural Diversity Discourses in Turkey. In Europeanization and Tolerance in Turkey (pp. 71–100). Palgrave Macmillan.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Kaya, Y., & Sunar, L. (2015). The Culture Wars Redux? The Polarization of Social and Political Attitudes in Turkey. Social Currents, 2(4), 393–412.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Kiriş, H. M. (2011). Parti Sisteminde Kutuplaşma ve Türk Parti Sistemi Örneği. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 44(4), 33–67.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Kurt, E. V. (2015). Medya ve Kutuplaşma: Kutuplaşmanın Medya Yansımalarının “Gezi Parkı Eylemleri” Üzerinden Değerlendirilmesi. Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi, 9(19–20).
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Özbudun, E. (1981). The Turkish Party System: Institutionalization, Polarization, and Fragmentation. Middle Eastern Studies, 17(2), 228–240.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Ozduzen, O., & McGarry, A. (2020). Digital Traces of “Twitter Revolutions”: Resistance, Polarization, and Surveillance via Contested Images and Texts of Occupy Gezi. International Journal of Communication, 14, 2543–2563.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Tarhan, G. (2011). Roots of the Headscarf Debate: Laicism and Secularism in France and Turkey. Journal of Political Inquiry, 4, 1–32.
    • RAPOR
      REPORT
      Çarkoğlu, A., Toprak, B., & Fromm, Ç. A. (2007). Religion, Society and Politics in a Changing Turkey. TESEV publications.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Bilgiç, M. S., Koydemir, F. S., & Akyürek, S. (2014). Türkiye’de Kimlikler Arası Kutuplaşmanın Sosyal Mesafe Üzerinden Ölçümü ve Toplumsal Güvenliğe Etkisi. Bilge Strateji, 6(11), 163–205.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Somer, M. (2010). Media Values and Democratization: What Unites and What Divides Religious‐Conservative and Pro‐Secular Elites? Turkish Studies, 11(4), 555–577.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Somer, M. (2019). Turkey: The Slippery Slope from Reformist to Revolutionary Polarization and Democratic Breakdown. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 681(1), 42–61.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Yazıcı, S. (2010). Gazali ve Hume: Nedensellik ve Mucize Üzerine. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 12.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Yazıcı, T. (2014). The Role of Online Social Networks in Social Movements: Social Polarization and Violations Against Social Unity and Privacy of Individuals in Turkey. ICCMFS 2014: International Conference on Communication, Film and Media, Istanbul.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Yılmaz, C., Aygören, O., & Özdemi̇r, Ö. (2012). Türkiye’de Siyasi Kutuplaşmayı Oluşturan Unsurlar: Seçmen Tercihlerinde Ekonomik Oy Verme Davranışından Toplumsal Travma Kuramına Kadar Bir Dizi Etkenin Görece Etkileri. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 27(311), 9–39.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Blankenhorn, D. (2015, December 22). Why Polarization Matters. The American Interest.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Burns, W. J. (2020, June 6). Polarized Politics Has Infected American Diplomacy. The Atlantic.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Complexity Science Hub Vienna. (2020, June 29). A New Theory About Political Polarization. Phys.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      De-Wit, L., Van Der Linden, S., & Brick, C. (2019, July 2). What Are the Solutions to Political Polarization? Greater Good Magazine.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Jilani, Z., & Smith, J. A. (2019, March 4). What Is the True Cost of Polarization in America? Greater Good Magazine.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Kilgore, E. (2020, January 23). Partisan Polarization Reaching Record Levels. New York Magazine – Intelligencer.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      McCoy, J. L. (2018, October 31). Extreme Political Polarization Weakens Democracy – Can the US Avoid that Fate? The Conversation.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Raymond, C. (2020, May 13). Analyzing Political Polarization: Engagement Graphs. Towards Data Science.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Wong, M. (2020, January 20). America Leads Other Countries in Deepening Polarization. Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR).
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Abramowitz, A. I. (2010). Transformation and Polarization: The 2008 Presidential Election and the New American Electorate. Electoral Studies, 29(4), 594–603.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Abramowitz, A. I. (2013). The Electoral Roots of America’s Dysfunctional Government. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 43(4), 709–731.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Abramowitz, A. I., & Saunders, K. L. (2008). Is Polarization a Myth? The Journal of Politics, 70(2), 542–555.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Abramowitz, A., & Saunders, K. (2005). Why Can’t We All Just Get Along? The Reality of a Polarized America. The Forum, 3(2).
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Ahler, D. J., & Sood, G. (2018). The Parties in Our Heads: Misperceptions about Party Composition and Their Consequences. The Journal of Politics, 80(3), 964–981.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Al Amin, M. T., Aggarwal, C., Yao, S., Abdelzaher, T., & Kaplan, L. (2017). Unveiling polarization in social networks: A matrix factorization approach. IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, 1–9.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Allcott, H., Boxell, L., Conway, J., Gentzkow, M., Thaler, M., & Yang, D. (2020). Polarization and Public Health: Partisan Differences in Social Distancing during the Coronavirus Pandemic. Journal of Public Economics.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Ansolabehere, S., Rodden, J., & Snyder Jr., J. M. (2006). Purple America. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(2), 97–118.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Antonio, R. J., & Brulle, R. J. (2011). The Unbearable Lightness of Politics: Climate Change Denial and Political Polarization. The Sociological Quarterly, 52(2), 195–202.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Azzimonti, M. (2011). Barriers to Investment in Polarized Societies. American Economic Review, 101(5), 2182–2204.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Azzimonti, M., & Talbert, M. (2014). Polarized Business Cycles. Journal of Monetary Economics, 67, 47–61.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Bakir, V., & McStay, A. (2018). Fake News and The Economy of Emotions: Problems, Causes, Solutions. Digital Journalism, 6(2), 154–175.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Baldassarri, D., & Bearman, P. (2007). Dynamics of Political Polarization. American Sociological Review, 72(5), 784–811.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Baldassarri, D., & Gelman, A. (2008). Partisans without Constraint: Political Polarization and Trends in American Public Opinion. American Journal of Sociology, 114(2), 408–446.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Barber, M. J. (2016). Ideological Donors, Contribution Limits, and the Polarization of American Legislatures. The Journal of Politics, 78(1), 296–310.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Barberá, P. (2015). How Social Media Reduces Mass Political Polarization. Evidence from Germany, Spain, and the U.S. American Political Science Association Conference, 1–46.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Baum, M. A., & Groeling, T. (2008). New Media and the Polarization of American Political Discourse. Political Communication, 25(4), 345–365.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Baumann, F., Lorenz-Spreen, P., Sokolov, I. M., & Starnini, M. (2020). Modeling Echo Chambers and Polarization Dynamics in Social Networks. Physical Review Letters, 124(4).
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Beam, M. A. (2014). Automating the News: How Personalized News Recommender System Design Choices Impact News Reception. Communication Research, 41(8), 1019–1041.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Beam, M. A., Hutchens, M. J., & Hmielowski, J. D. (2018). Facebook News and (De)polarization: Reinforcing Spirals in the 2016 US Election. Information, Communication & Society, 21(7), 940–958.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Beattie, P. (2019). Social Evolution, Political Psychology, and the Media in Democracy: The Invisible Hand in the U.S. Marketplace of Ideas. Springer International Publishing.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Bergmann, E. (2018). Conspiracy & Populism: The Politics of Misinformation. Springer International Publishing.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Berry, J. M., Glaser, J. M., & Schildkraut, D. J. (2019). Ideology, Racial Resentment, and the Mass Media. American Political Science Association Annual Conference, 1–34.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Bessi, A., Petroni, F., Vicario, M. D., Zollo, F., Anagnostopoulos, A., Scala, A., Caldarelli, G., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2016). Homophily and Polarization in the Age of Misinformation. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 225(10), 2047–2059.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Bilal, M. Z., Ali, A., & Ullah, S. (2019). Effects of Media Exposure on the Political Polarization Patterns of Students in Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, 4(3), 292–298.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Bjornskov, C. (2008). Social Trust and Fractionalization: A Possible Reinterpretation. European Sociological Review, 24(3), 271–283.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Borges, W., & Clarke, H. D. (2008). Cues in Context: Analyzing the Heuristics of Referendum Voting with an Internet Survey Experiment. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 18(4), 433–448.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Boussalis, C., & Coan, T. G. (2017). Elite Polarization and Correcting Misinformation in the “Post-Truth Era.” Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 6(4), 405–408.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Boxell, L., Gentzkow, M., & Shapiro, J. (2017). Is the Internet Causing Political Polarization? Evidence from Demographics (No. w23258). National Bureau of Economic Research.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Campante, F. R., & Hojman, D. A. (2013). Media and Polarization: Evidence from the Introduction of Broadcast TV in the United States. Journal of Public Economics, 100, 79–92.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Campbell, J. E. (2016). Polarized: Making Sense of a Divided America. Princeton University Press.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Carothers, T., & O’Donohue, A. (2019). Democracies Divided: The Global Challenge of Political Polarization. Brookings Institution Press.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Carsey, T. M., & Layman, G. C. (2002, April 25). Party Activists and the Ideological Polarization of American Politics: A Dynamic Model. Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Carter, D. M. (2017). (De)constructing Difference: A Qualitative Review of the ‘Othering’ of UK Muslim Communities, Extremism, Soft Harms, and Twitter Analytics. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 9(1), 21–36.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Clark, C. J., & Winegard, B. M. (2020). Tribalism in War and Peace: The Nature and Evolution of Ideological Epistemology and Its Significance for Modern Social Science. Psychological Inquiry, 31(1), 1–22.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Close, C., & Nunez Lopez, L. (2013). Party Cohesion in European Legislatures: Cross-Country and Cross-Party Comparisons. American Political Science Association Annual Conference, 34.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Conover, M. D., Ratkiewicz, J., Francisco, M., Gonçalves, B., Flammini, A., & Menczer, F. (2011). Political Polarization on Twitter. 133, 89–96.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Cornelson, K., & Miloucheva, B. (2020). Political Polarization, Social Fragmentation, and Cooperation during a Pandemic. Working Paper 663, University of Toronto, Department of Economics.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Dalton, R. J. (2008). The Quantity and the Quality of Party Systems: Party System Polarization, Its Measurement, and Its Consequences. Comparative Political Studies, 41(7), 899–920.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Darmofal, D., & Strickler, R. (2018). Demography, politics, and partisan polarization in the United States, 1828-2016 (J. R. Porter & S. A. Matthews, Eds.; Vol. 2). Springer.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Del Vicario, M., Bessi, A., Zollo, F., Petroni, F., Scala, A., Caldarelli, G., Stanley, H. E., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2016). The Spreading of Misinformation Online. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(3), 554–559.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      DiMaggio, P., Evans, J., & Bryson, B. (1996). Have American’s Social Attitudes Become More Polarized? American Journal of Sociology, 102(3), 690–755.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Druckman, J. N., Peterson, E., & Slothuus, R. (2013). How Elite Partisan Polarization Affects Public Opinion Formation. American Political Science Review, 107(1), 57–79.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Duca, J. V., & Saving, J. L. (2015). Income Inequality and Political Polarization: Time Series Evidence Over Nine Decades. Review of Income and Wealth, 62(3), 445–466.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Duca, J. V., & Saving, J. L. (2017). Income Inequality, Media Fragmentation, and Increased Political Polarization. Contemporary Economic Policy, 35(2), 392–413.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Duell, D., & Valasek, J. M. (2017). Social Identity and Political Polarization: Evidence on the Impact of Identity on Partisan Voting Trade. Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Economics of Change SP II 2017-304, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Duhaime, E. P., & Apfelbaum, E. P. (2017). Can Information Decrease Political Polarization? Evidence From the U.S. Taxpayer Receipt. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(7), 736–745.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Fernbach, P. M., Rogers, T., Fox, C. R., & Sloman, S. A. (2013). Political Extremism Is Supported by an Illusion of Understanding. Psychological Science, 24(6), 939–946.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Finn, S., Mustafaraj, E., & Metaxas, P. T. (2014). The Co-retweeted Network and Its Applications for Measuring the Perceived Political Polarization: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies, 276–284.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Fiorina, M. P. (2016). The Political Parties Have Sorted. Hoover Institution, Stanford University.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Fiorina, M. P., & Abrams, S. J. (2008). Political Polarization in the American Public. Annual Review of Political Science, 11(1), 563–588.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Fiorina, M. P., & Levendusky, M. S. (2006). Disconnected: The Political Class versus the People. In Red and Blue Nation: Characteristics, Causes, and Consequences of America’s Polarized Politics (pp. 49–71).
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Flaxman, S., Goel, S., & Rao, J. M. (2016). Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Online News Consumption. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(Special Issue), 298–320.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Fletcher, R., Cornia, A., & Nielsen, R. K. (2020). How Polarized Are Online and Offline News Audiences? A Comparative Analysis of Twelve Countries. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 25(2), 169–195.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Frye, T. (2002). The Perils of Polarization: Economic Performance in the Postcommunist World. World Politics, 54(3), 308–337.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Gadavanij, S. (2020). Contentious Polities and Political Polarization in Thailand: Post-Thaksin Reflections. Discourse & Society, 31(1), 44–63.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Garrett, K. N., & Bankert, A. (2020). The Moral Roots of Partisan Division: How Moral Conviction Heightens Affective Polarization. British Journal of Political Science, 50(2), 621–640.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Gelman, A., Shor, B., Joseph, B., & David, P. (2007). Rich State, Poor State, Red State, Blue State: What’s the Matter with Connecticut? Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 2(4), 345–367.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Gillion, D. Q., Ladd, J. M., & Meredith, M. (2013, June 13). Education, Party Polarization and the Origins of the Partisan Gender Gap. American Political Science Association (APSA) 2013 Annual Meeting.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Goukens, C., Dewitte, S., & Warlop, L. (2009). Me, Myself, and My Choices: The Influence of Private Self-Awareness on Choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 46(5), 682–692.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Graham, M. H., & Svolik, M. W. (2019, September 18). Democracy in America? Partisanship, Polarization, and the Robustness of Support for Democracy in the United States. The Andrea Mitchell Center for the Study of Democracy, Pennsylvania.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Grechyna, D. (2016). On the Determinants of Political Polarization. Economics Letters, 144, 10–14.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Abramowitz, A. I. (2010). Transformation and Polarization: The 2008 Presidential Election and the New American Electorate. Electoral Studies, 29(4), 594–603.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Abramowitz, A. I. (2013). The Electoral Roots of America’s Dysfunctional Government. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 43(4), 709–731.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Abramowitz, A. I., & Saunders, K. L. (2008). Is Polarization a Myth? The Journal of Politics, 70(2), 542–555.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Abramowitz, A., & Saunders, K. (2005). Why Can’t We All Just Get Along? The Reality of a Polarized America. The Forum, 3(2).
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Ahler, D. J., & Sood, G. (2018). The Parties in Our Heads: Misperceptions about Party Composition and Their Consequences. The Journal of Politics, 80(3), 964–981.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Al Amin, M. T., Aggarwal, C., Yao, S., Abdelzaher, T., & Kaplan, L. (2017). Unveiling polarization in social networks: A matrix factorization approach. IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, 1–9.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Antonio, R. J., & Brulle, R. J. (2011). The Unbearable Lightness of Politics: Climate Change Denial and Political Polarization. The Sociological Quarterly, 52(2), 195–202.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Azzimonti, M. (2011). Barriers to Investment in Polarized Societies. American Economic Review, 101(5), 2182–2204.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Azzimonti, M., & Talbert, M. (2014). Polarized Business Cycles. Journal of Monetary Economics, 67, 47–61.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Bakir, V., & McStay, A. (2018). Fake News and The Economy of Emotions: Problems, Causes, Solutions. Digital Journalism, 6(2), 154–175.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Baldassarri, D., & Bearman, P. (2007). Dynamics of Political Polarization. American Sociological Review, 72(5), 784–811.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Barber, M. J. (2016). Ideological Donors, Contribution Limits, and the Polarization of American Legislatures. The Journal of Politics, 78(1), 296–310.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Baldassarri, D., & Gelman, A. (2008). Partisans without Constraint: Political Polarization and Trends in American Public Opinion. American Journal of Sociology, 114(2), 408–446.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Allcott, H., Boxell, L., Conway, J., Gentzkow, M., Thaler, M., & Yang, D. (2020). Polarization and Public Health: Partisan Differences in Social Distancing during the Coronavirus Pandemic. Journal of Public Economics.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Ansolabehere, S., Rodden, J., & Snyder Jr., J. M. (2006). Purple America. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(2), 97–118.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Barberá, P. (2015). How Social Media Reduces Mass Political Polarization. Evidence from Germany, Spain, and the U.S. American Political Science Association Conference, 1–46.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Baum, M. A., & Groeling, T. (2008). New Media and the Polarization of American Political Discourse. Political Communication, 25(4), 345–365.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Baumann, F., Lorenz-Spreen, P., Sokolov, I. M., & Starnini, M. (2020). Modeling Echo Chambers and Polarization Dynamics in Social Networks. Physical Review Letters, 124(4).
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Beam, M. A. (2014). Automating the News: How Personalized News Recommender System Design Choices Impact News Reception. Communication Research, 41(8), 1019–1041.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Beam, M. A., Hutchens, M. J., & Hmielowski, J. D. (2018). Facebook News and (De)polarization: Reinforcing Spirals in the 2016 US Election. Information, Communication & Society, 21(7), 940–958.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Beattie, P. (2019). Social Evolution, Political Psychology, and the Media in Democracy: The Invisible Hand in the U.S. Marketplace of Ideas. Springer International Publishing.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Bergmann, E. (2018). Conspiracy & Populism: The Politics of Misinformation. Springer International Publishing.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Berry, J. M., Glaser, J. M., & Schildkraut, D. J. (2019). Ideology, Racial Resentment, and the Mass Media. American Political Science Association Annual Conference, 1–34.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Bessi, A., Petroni, F., Vicario, M. D., Zollo, F., Anagnostopoulos, A., Scala, A., Caldarelli, G., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2016). Homophily and Polarization in the Age of Misinformation. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 225(10), 2047–2059.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Bilal, M. Z., Ali, A., & Ullah, S. (2019). Effects of Media Exposure on the Political Polarization Patterns of Students in Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, 4(3), 292–298.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Bjornskov, C. (2008). Social Trust and Fractionalization: A Possible Reinterpretation. European Sociological Review, 24(3), 271–283.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Borges, W., & Clarke, H. D. (2008). Cues in Context: Analyzing the Heuristics of Referendum Voting with an Internet Survey Experiment. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 18(4), 433–448.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Boussalis, C., & Coan, T. G. (2017). Elite Polarization and Correcting Misinformation in the “Post-Truth Era.” Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 6(4), 405–408.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Boxell, L., Gentzkow, M., & Shapiro, J. (2017). Is the Internet Causing Political Polarization? Evidence from Demographics (No. w23258). National Bureau of Economic Research.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Campante, F. R., & Hojman, D. A. (2013). Media and Polarization: Evidence from the Introduction of Broadcast TV in the United States. Journal of Public Economics, 100, 79–92.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Campbell, J. E. (2016). Polarized: Making Sense of a Divided America. Princeton University Press.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Carothers, T., & O’Donohue, A. (2019). Democracies Divided: The Global Challenge of Political Polarization. Brookings Institution Press.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Carsey, T. M., & Layman, G. C. (2002, April 25). Party Activists and the Ideological Polarization of American Politics: A Dynamic Model. Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Carter, D. M. (2017). (De)constructing Difference: A Qualitative Review of the ‘Othering’ of UK Muslim Communities, Extremism, Soft Harms, and Twitter Analytics. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 9(1), 21–36.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Clark, C. J., & Winegard, B. M. (2020). Tribalism in War and Peace: The Nature and Evolution of Ideological Epistemology and Its Significance for Modern Social Science. Psychological Inquiry, 31(1), 1–22.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Close, C., & Nunez Lopez, L. (2013). Party Cohesion in European Legislatures: Cross-Country and Cross-Party Comparisons. American Political Science Association Annual Conference, 34.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Conover, M. D., Ratkiewicz, J., Francisco, M., Gonçalves, B., Flammini, A., & Menczer, F. (2011). Political Polarization on Twitter. 133, 89–96.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Cornelson, K., & Miloucheva, B. (2020). Political Polarization, Social Fragmentation, and Cooperation during a Pandemic. Working Paper 663, University of Toronto, Department of Economics.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Dalton, R. J. (2008). The Quantity and the Quality of Party Systems: Party System Polarization, Its Measurement, and Its Consequences. Comparative Political Studies, 41(7), 899–920.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Darmofal, D., & Strickler, R. (2018). Demography, politics, and partisan polarization in the United States, 1828-2016 (J. R. Porter & S. A. Matthews, Eds.; Vol. 2). Springer.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Del Vicario, M., Bessi, A., Zollo, F., Petroni, F., Scala, A., Caldarelli, G., Stanley, H. E., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2016). The Spreading of Misinformation Online. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(3), 554–559.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      DiMaggio, P., Evans, J., & Bryson, B. (1996). Have American’s Social Attitudes Become More Polarized? American Journal of Sociology, 102(3), 690–755.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Druckman, J. N., Peterson, E., & Slothuus, R. (2013). How Elite Partisan Polarization Affects Public Opinion Formation. American Political Science Review, 107(1), 57–79.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Duca, J. V., & Saving, J. L. (2015). Income Inequality and Political Polarization: Time Series Evidence Over Nine Decades. Review of Income and Wealth, 62(3), 445–466.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Duca, J. V., & Saving, J. L. (2017). Income Inequality, Media Fragmentation, and Increased Political Polarization. Contemporary Economic Policy, 35(2), 392–413.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Duell, D., & Valasek, J. M. (2017). Social Identity and Political Polarization: Evidence on the Impact of Identity on Partisan Voting Trade. Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Economics of Change SP II 2017-304, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Duhaime, E. P., & Apfelbaum, E. P. (2017). Can Information Decrease Political Polarization? Evidence From the U.S. Taxpayer Receipt. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(7), 736–745.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Fernbach, P. M., Rogers, T., Fox, C. R., & Sloman, S. A. (2013). Political Extremism Is Supported by an Illusion of Understanding. Psychological Science, 24(6), 939–946.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Finn, S., Mustafaraj, E., & Metaxas, P. T. (2014). The Co-retweeted Network and Its Applications for Measuring the Perceived Political Polarization: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies, 276–284.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Fiorina, M. P. (2016). The Political Parties Have Sorted. Hoover Institution, Stanford University.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Fiorina, M. P., & Abrams, S. J. (2008). Political Polarization in the American Public. Annual Review of Political Science, 11(1), 563–588.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Fiorina, M. P., & Levendusky, M. S. (2006). Disconnected: The Political Class versus the People. In Red and Blue Nation: Characteristics, Causes, and Consequences of America’s Polarized Politics (pp. 49–71).
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Flaxman, S., Goel, S., & Rao, J. M. (2016). Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Online News Consumption. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(Special Issue), 298–320.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Fletcher, R., Cornia, A., & Nielsen, R. K. (2020). How Polarized Are Online and Offline News Audiences? A Comparative Analysis of Twelve Countries. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 25(2), 169–195.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Forgas, J. P., & Baumeister, R. F. (Eds.). (2019). The Social Psychology of Gullibility: Fake News, Conspiracy Theories, and Irrational Beliefs (Vol. 20). Routledge.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Frye, T. (2002). The Perils of Polarization: Economic Performance in the Postcommunist World. World Politics, 54(3), 308–337.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Gadavanij, S. (2020). Contentious Polities and Political Polarization in Thailand: Post-Thaksin Reflections. Discourse & Society, 31(1), 44–63.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Garrett, K. N., & Bankert, A. (2020). The Moral Roots of Partisan Division: How Moral Conviction Heightens Affective Polarization. British Journal of Political Science, 50(2), 621–640.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Gelman, A., Shor, B., Joseph, B., & David, P. (2007). Rich State, Poor State, Red State, Blue State: What’s the Matter with Connecticut? Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 2(4), 345–367.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Gillion, D. Q., Ladd, J. M., & Meredith, M. (2013, June 13). Education, Party Polarization and the Origins of the Partisan Gender Gap. American Political Science Association (APSA) 2013 Annual Meeting.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Goukens, C., Dewitte, S., & Warlop, L. (2009). Me, Myself, and My Choices: The Influence of Private Self-Awareness on Choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 46(5), 682–692.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Graham, M. H., & Svolik, M. W. (2019, September 18). Democracy in America? Partisanship, Polarization, and the Robustness of Support for Democracy in the United States. The Andrea Mitchell Center for the Study of Democracy, Pennsylvania.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Grechyna, D. (2016). On the Determinants of Political Polarization. Economics Letters, 144, 10–14.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Greene, C. T. (2019). Effects of News Media Bias and Social Media Algorithms on Political Polarization. Iowa State University.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Greene, J. (2013). Moral Tribes: Emotion, Reason, and the Gap Between Us and Them. The Penguin Press.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Guerra, P. C., Meira Jr., W., Cardie, C., & Kleinberg, R. (2013). A Measure of Polarization on Social Media Networks Based on Community Boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 215–224.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Gutmann, A., & Thompson, D. (2010). The Mindsets of Political Compromise. Perspectives on Politics, 8(4), 1125–1143.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Hacker, J. S. (2004). Privatizing Risk without Privatizing the Welfare State: The Hidden Politics of Social Policy Retrenchment in the United States. American Political Science Review, 98(2), 243–260.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Hacker, K. L., Coombs, M., Weaver, C., & McCulloh, G. (2006, June). Possible Uses of Blogs and Computer—Mediated Communication (CMC) for Depolarizing Political Discourse. Communication and Technology Division of the International Communication Association, Dresden, Germany.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Haidt, J., & Joseph, C. (2006). The Moral Mind: How Five Sets of Innate Intuitions Guide the Development of Many Culture-Specific Virtues, and Perhaps even Modules. In P. Carruthers, S. Laurence, & S. Stich (Eds.), The innate mind Vol. 3. Foundations and the future. Foundations and the future (pp. 367–391). Oxford University Press.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Hall, L., Strandberg, T., Pärnamets, P., Lind, A., Tärning, B., & Johansson, P. (2013). How the Polls Can Be Both Spot On and Dead Wrong: Using Choice Blindness to Shift Political Attitudes and Voter Intentions. PLOS ONE, 8(4), 1–6.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Hameleers, M., & de Vreese, C. H. (2020). To whom are “the People” Opposed? Conceptualizing and Measuring Citizens’ Populist Attitudes as a Multidimensional Construct. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 30(2), 255–274.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Hameleers, M., & van der Meer, T. G. L. A. (2020). Misinformation and Polarization in a High-Choice Media Environment: How Effective Are Political Fact-Checkers? Communication Research, 47(2), 227–250.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Hart, P. S., & Nisbet, E. C. (2014). Boomerang Effects in Science Communication: How Motivated Reasoning and Identity Cues Amplify Opinion Polarization About Climate Mitigation Policies [Data set]. In Communication Research (Vol. 39, Issue 6, pp. 701–723).
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Harteveld, E. (2019). Affective Polarization and Social Sorting. American Political Science Association Annual Conference, 1–26.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Hernández, E., Anduiza, E., & Rico, G. (2019). Affective Polarization and the Saliency of Elections. American Political Science Association (APSA) Annual Conference, Washington DC.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Hmielowski, J. D. (2012). Intramedia Moderation, Electoral Ambivalence, and Electoral Decision Making. Mass Communication and Society, 15(3), 454–477.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Hmielowski, J. D., Beam, M. A., & Hutchens, M. J. (2016). Structural Changes in Media and Attitude Polarization: Examining the Contributions of TV News Before and After the Telecommunications Act of 1996. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 28(2), 153–172.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Hutchison, M. L. (2014). Tolerating Threat? The Independent Effects of Civil Conflict on Domestic Political Tolerance. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 58(5), 796–824.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Inglehart, R. F., & Norris, P. (2016, September). Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism: Economic Have-Nots and Cultural Backlash. American Political Science Association Annual Conference, Philadelphia.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Iyengar, S., & Hahn, K. S. (2009). Red Media, Blue Media: Evidence of Ideological Selectivity in Media Use. Journal of Communication, 59(1), 19–39.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Iyengar, S., Lelkes, Y., Levendusky, M., Malhotra, N., & Westwood, S. J. (2019). The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States. Annual Review of Political Science, 22(1), 129–146.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Iyengar, S., Sood, G., & Lelkes, Y. (2012). Affect, Not Ideology. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(3), 405–431.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Iyengar, S., & Westwood, S. J. (2015). Fear and Loathing across Party Lines: New Evidence on Group Polarization. American Journal of Political Science, 59(3), 690–707.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Johnson, B. K., Neo, R. L., Heijnen, M. E. M., Smits, L., & van Veen, C. (2020). Issues, Involvement, and Influence: Effects of Selective Exposure and Sharing on Polarization and Participation. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, 1–12.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Jost, J. T. (2012). Left and Right, Right and Wrong: The Politics of Morality. Science, 337(6094), 525–526.
    • RAPOR
      REPORT
      Jurkowitz, M., Mitchell, A., Shearer, E., & Walker, M. (2020, January 24). U.S. Media Polarization and the 2020 Election: A Nation Divided. Pew Research Center.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Kaylor, B. (2019). Likes, retweets, and polarization. Review & Expositor, 116(2), 183–192.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Kim, Y. (2015). Does Disagreement Mitigate Polarization? How Selective Exposure and Disagreement Affect Political Polarization. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 92(4), 915–937.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Klandermans, P. G. (2014). Identity Politics and Politicized Identities: Identity Processes and the Dynamics of Protest. Political Psychology, 35(1), 1–22.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Kobayashi, T. (2020). Depolarization through Social Media Use: Evidence from Dual Identifiers in Hong Kong. New Media & Society, 22(8), 1339–1358.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Koger, G., Masket, S., & Noel, H. (2009). Partisan Webs: Information Exchange and Party Networks. British Journal of Political Science, 39(3), 633–653.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Koleva, S. P., Graham, J., Iyer, R., Ditto, P. H., & Haidt, J. (2012). Tracing the Threads: How Five Moral Concerns (Especially Purity) Help Explain Culture War Attitudes. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(2), 184–194.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      La Raja, R. J. (2014). Campaign Finance and Partisan Polarization in the United States Congress. Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy, 9(1), 223–258.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Lachat, R. (2008). The Impact of Party Polarization on Ideological Voting. Electoral Studies, 27(4), 687–698.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Lang, C., & Pearson-Merkowitz, S. (2014). Partisan Sorting in the United States, 1972–2012: New Evidence from a Dynamic Analysis. Political Geography, 48, 119–129.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Leiser, D., & Shemesh, Y. (2018). How We Misunderstand Economics and Why It Matters: The Psychology of Bias, Distortion and Conspiracy (1st ed.). Routledge.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Lelkes, Y. (2016). Mass Polarization: Manifestations and Measurements. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(S1), 392–410.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Levendusky, M. (2009). The Partisan Sort: How Liberals Became Democrats and Conservatives Became Republicans. University of Chicago Press.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Levendusky, M. (2013). Partisan Media Exposure and Attitudes Toward the Opposition. Political Communication, 30(4), 565–581.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Levendusky, M. (2017a). Morris Fiorina’s Foundational Contributions to the Study of Partisanship and Mass Polarization. The Forum, 15(1), 189–201.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Levendusky, M. (2017b). Partisan Media and Polarization: Challenges for Future Work. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Levendusky, M. S. (2013). Why Do Partisan Media Polarize Viewers? American Journal of Political Science, 57(3), 611–623.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Levendusky, M. S. (2017). Americans, Not Partisans: Can Priming American National Identity Reduce Affective Polarization? The Journal of Politics, 80(1), 59–70.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Levendusky, M. S., & Malhotra, N. (2016). (Mis)perceptions of Partisan Polarization in the American Public. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(S1), 378–391.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Levendusky, M. S., & Malhotra, N. A. (2013). The Effect of “False” Polarization: Are Perceptions of Political Polarization Self-Fulfilling Prophecies? Working Paper, University of Pennsylvania.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Levendusky, M. S., & Pope, J. C. (2011). Red States vs. Blue States: Going Beyond the Mean. Public Opinion Quarterly, 75(2), 227–248.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Lex, E., Wagner, M., & Kowald, D. (2018). Mitigating Confirmation Bias on Twitter by Recommending Opposing Views. ArXiv.Org e-Print Archive.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Lockie, S. (2017). Post-truth Politics and the Social Sciences. Environmental Sociology, 3(1), 1–5.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Luguri, J. B., & Napier, J. L. (2013). Of Two Minds: The Interactive Effect of Construal Level and Identity on Political Polarization. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(6), 972–977.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Luhan, W. J., Kocher, M. G., & Sutter, M. (2009). Group polarization in the team dictator game reconsidered. Experimental Economics, 12(1), 26–41.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Lupu, N. (2015). Party Polarization and Mass Partisanship: A Comparative Perspective. Political Behavior, 37(2), 331–356.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Masket, S. (2014). Mitigating Extreme Partisanship in an Era of Networked Parties: An Examination of Various Reform Strategies.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Mason, L. (2013a). The Rise of Uncivil Agreement: Issue Versus Behavioral Polarization in the American Electorate. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(1), 140–159.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Mason, L. (2013b, November 16). Smells Like Team Spirit: How Partisan Sorting and Identity Polarize Political Behavior. New York Area Political Psychology Workshop, New York.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Mason, L. (2015). “I Disrespectfully Agree”: The Differential Effects of Partisan Sorting on Social and Issue Polarization. American Journal of Political Science, 59(1), 128–145.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Mason, L. (2016). A Cross-Cutting Calm: How Social Sorting Drives Affective Polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(S1), 351–377.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Mason, L., & Wronski, J. (2018). One Tribe to Bind Them All: How Our Social Group Attachments Strengthen Partisanship: One Tribe to Bind Them All. Political Psychology, 39, 257–277.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      McAllum, K., & Zahra, A. (2017). The Positive Impact of Othering in Voluntourism: The Role of the Relational Other in Becoming Another Self. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 10(4), 291–308.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      McCarty, N., Poole, K. T., & Rosenthal, H. (2005). The Polarization of the Politicians. In Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches. The MIT Press.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      McCarty, N., Poole, K. T., & Rosenthal, H. (2006). Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches. The MIT Press.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      McConnell, C., Margalit, Y., Malhotra, N., & Levendusky, M. (2017). The Economic Consequences of Partisanship in a Polarized Era. American Journal of Political Science, 62(3), 5–18.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      McDermott, R. (2019). Psychological Underpinnings of Post-Truth in Political Beliefs. PS: Political Science & Politics, 52(2), 218–222.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      McIntosh, S., & Phipps, C. (2014). Depolarizing the American Mind: How America Can Grow Beyond Its Currently Polarized Politics. Institute for Cultural Evolution.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Mckeown, G., & Sheehy, N. (2006). Mass Media and Polarisation Processes in the Bounded Confidence Model of Opinion Dynamics. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 9(1), 1–32.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      McLaughlin, B., Holland, D., Thompson, B. A., & Koenig, A. (2020). Emotions and Affective Polarization: How Enthusiasm and Anxiety About Presidential Candidates Affect Interparty Attitudes. American Politics Research, 48(2), 308–316.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      McLaughlin, B., & Wise, D. (2014). Cueing God: Religious Cues and Voter Support. Politics and Religion, 7(2), 366–394.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Messing, S., & Westwood, S. J. (2014). Selective Exposure in the Age of Social Media: Endorsements Trump Partisan Source Affiliation When Selecting News Online. Communication Research, 41(8), 1042–1063.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Moffitt, B. (2016). The Global Rise of Populism: Performance, Political Style, and Representation. Stanford University Press.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Motta, M., Stecula, D., & Farhart, C. E. (2020). How Right-Leaning Media Coverage of COVID-19 Facilitated the Spread of Misinformation in the Early Stages of the Pandemic in the U.S. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 1–8.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Nelimarkka, M., Rancy, J. P., Grygiel, J., & Semaan, B. (2019). (Re)Design to Mitigate Political Polarization: Reflecting Habermas’ Ideal Communication Space in the United States of America and Finland. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 3(CSCW), 1–25.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Nugent, E. (2018). The Psychology of Repression and Polarization in Authoritarian Regimes. SSRN Electronic Journal.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Nussbaum, M. C. (2012). The New Religious Intolerance: Overcoming the Politics of Fear in an Anxious Age. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      O’Connor, C., & Weatherall, J. O. (2019). The Misinformation Age: How False Beliefs Spread. Yale University Press.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Oliver, J. E., & Wood, T. J. (2018). Enchanted America: How Intuition and Reason Divide Our Politics. University of Chicago Press.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Osmundsen, M., Bor, A., Vahlstrup, P. B., Bechmann, A., & Petersen, M. B. (2020). Partisan Polarization is the Primary Psychological Motivation behind “Fake News” Sharing on Twitter [Preprint]. PsyArXiv.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Ozer, A. (2020). Well, You’re the Expert: How Signals of Source Expertise Help Mitigate Partisan Bias. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 1–21.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Paradiso, E. (2009). The Social, Political, and Economic Causes of Violence in Argentine Soccer. Nexus: The Canadian Student Journal of Anthropology, 21, 65–79.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Pardos-Prado, S. (2012). Valence Beyond Consensus: Party Competence and Policy Dispersion from a Comparative Perspective. Electoral Studies, 31(2), 342–352.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Pardos-Prado, S., & Dinas, E. (2010). Systemic Polarisation and Spatial Voting: Systemic Polarisation and Spatial Voting. European Journal of Political Research, 49(6), 759–786.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Peterson, E., Goel, S., & Iyengar, S. (2017). Echo Chambers and Partisan Polarization: Evidence from the 2016 Presidential Campaign.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Pierson, P., & Schickler, E. (2020). Madison’s Constitution Under Stress: A Developmental Analysis of Political Polarization. Annual Review of Political Science, 23(1), 37–58.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Poole, K. T., & Rosenthal, H. (2001). D-Nominate after 10 Years: A Comparative Update to Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll-Call Voting. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 26(1), 5–29.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Prior, M. (2005). News vs. Entertainment: How Increasing Media Choice Widens Gaps in Political Knowledge and Turnout. American Journal of Political Science, 49(3), 577–592.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Prior, M. (2007). Post-broadcast Democracy: How Media Choice Increases Inequality in Political Involvement and Polarizes Elections. Cambridge University Press.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Prior, M. (2013). Media and Political Polarization. Annual Review of Political Science, 16(1), 101–127.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Quattrociocchi, W., Scala, A., & Sunstein, C. R. (2016). Echo Chambers on Facebook. SSRN Electronic Journal.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Robison, J., & Moskowitz, R. L. (2019). The Group Basis of Partisan Affective Polarization. The Journal of Politics, 81(3), 1075–1079.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Rogowski, J. C., & Sutherland, J. L. (2016). How Ideology Fuels Affective Polarization. Political Behavior, 38(2), 485–508.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2018). The Fake News Game: Actively Inoculating Against the Risk of Misinformation. Journal of Risk Research, 22(5), 570–580.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Ross, A. D., Rouse, S. M., & Mobley, William. (2019). Polarization of Climate Change Beliefs: The Role of the Millennial Generation Identity. Social Science Quarterly, 100(7), 2625–2640.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Rostbøll, C. F. (2019). Populism and Publicity: The Participant Perspective. American Political Science Association Annual Conference, 1–24.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Satherley, N., Sibley, C. G., & Osborne, D. (2020). Identity, Ideology, and Personality: Examining Moderators of Affective Polarization in New Zealand. Journal of Research in Personality, 87, 1–12.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Schultz, C. (2002). Policy Biases with Voters’ Uncertainty about the Economy and the Government. European Economic Review, 46(3), 487–506.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Semaan, B. C., Robertson, S. P., Douglas, S., & Maruyama, M. (2014). Social Media Supporting Political Deliberation across Multiple Public Spheres: Towards Depolarization. Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing, 1409–1421.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Sherman, D. K., Hogg, M. A., & Maitner, A. T. (2009). Perceived Polarization: Reconciling Ingroup and Intergroup Perceptions Under Uncertainty. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 12(1), 95–109.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Simas, E. N., Clifford, S., & Kirkland, J. H. (2020). How Empathic Concern Fuels Political Polarization. American Political Science Review, 114(1), 258–269.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Somer, M. (2001). Cascades of Ethnic Polarization: Lessons from Yugoslavia. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 573, 127–151.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Somer, M., & McCoy, J. (2019). Transformations through Polarizations and Global Threats to Democracy. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 681(1), 8–22.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Spohr, D. (2017). Fake news and ideological polarization: Filter bubbles and selective exposure on social media. Business Information Review, 34(3), 150–160.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Stone, D. F. (2019). Just a Big Misunderstanding? Bias and Bayesian Affective Polarization. International Economic Review, 61(1), 1–46.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Strabac, Z., Listhaug, O., & Jakobsen, T. G. (2011). Patterns of Ethnic Intolerance in Europe. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 13, 459–479.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Strandberg, T., Olson, J. A., Hall, L., Woods, A., & Johansson, P. (2020). Depolarizing American voters: Democrats and Republicans are equally susceptible to false attitude feedback. PLOS ONE, 15(2), e0226799.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Stroud, N. J. (2008). Media Use and Political Predispositions: Revisiting the Concept of Selective Exposure. Political Behavior, 30(3), 341–366.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Stroud, N. J. (2010). Polarization and Partisan Selective Exposure. Journal of Communication, 60(3), 556–576.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Stubager, R., & Slothuus, R. (2013). What Are the Sources of Political Parties’ Issue Ownership? Testing Four Explanations at the Individual Level. Political Behavior, 35(3), 567–588.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Suiter, J., & Fletcher, R. (2020). Polarization and Partisanship: Key Drivers of Distrust in Media Old and New? European Journal of Communication, 1–18.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Sunstein, C. (2001). Echo Chambers: Bush v. Gore, Impeachment, and Beyond. Princeton University Press.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Sunstein, C. R. (2009). Going to Extremes: How Like Minds Unite and Divide. Oxford University Press.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. (2016). The Illusion of Choice in Democratic Politics: The Unconscious Impact of Motivated Political Reasoning. Advances in Political Psychology, 34(1), 61–84.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Talisse, R. B. (2019, August 4). Maybe Facts Don’t Care about Your Feelings—But Political Polarization is about Feelings, not Facts. NiemanLab.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Teixeira, R., Frey, W. H., & Griffin, R. (2015). States of Change: The Demographic Evolution of the American Electorate, 1974–2060 (p. 156). American Enterprise Institute, Brookings Institution, Center for American Progress.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Theodoridis, A. G. (2013). Implicit Political Identity. PS: Political Science & Politics, 46(03), 545–549.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Tsfati, Y., & Nir, L. (2016). Frames and Reasoning: Two Pathways from Selective Exposure to Affective Polarization. International Journal of Communication, 11(1).
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Tucker, J. A., Guess, A., Barberá, P., Vaccari, C., Siegel, A., Sanovich, S., Stukal, D., & Nyhan, B. (2018). Social Media, Political Polarization, and Political Disinformation: A Review of the Scientific Literature. SSRN Electronic Journal.
    • BOOK
      KİTAP
      Tuschman, A. (2013). Our Political Nature: The Evolutionary Origins of What Divides Us. Prometheus Books.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Van Boven, L., Judd, C. M., & Sherman, D. K. (2012). Political Polarization Projection: Social Projection of Partisan Attitude Extremity and Attitudinal Processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(1), 84–100.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Vecchi, A., Silva, E. S., & Jimenez Angel, L. M. (2020). Nation Branding, Cultural Identity and Political Polarization – an Exploratory Framework. International Marketing Review.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Wagner, M. (2020). Affective Polarization in Multiparty Systems. Electoral Studies.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Wand, J. (2007). The Allocation of Campaign Contributions by Interest Groups and the Rise of Elite Polarization.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Webster, S. W., & Abramowitz, A. I. (2017a). The Ideological Foundations of Affective Polarization in the U.S. Electorate. American Politics Research, 45(4), 621–647.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Webster, S. W., & Abramowitz, A. I. (2017b). The Ideological Foundations of Affective Polarization in the U.S. Electorate. American Politics Research, 45(4), 621–647.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Westfall, J., Van Boven, L., Chambers, J. R., & Judd, C. M. (2015). Perceiving Political Polarization in the United States: Party Identity Strength and Attitude Extremity Exacerbate the Perceived Partisan Divide. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 145–158.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Williams, M. G., & Korn, J. (2017). Othering and Fear: Cultural Values and Hiro’s Race in Thomas & Friends’ Hero of the Rails. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 41(1), 22–41.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Wojcieszak, M., Winter, S., & Yu, X. (2020). Social Norms and Selectivity: Effects of Norms of Open-Mindedness on Content Selection and Affective Polarization. Mass Communication and Society, 23(4), 455–483.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Wozniak, W. (2020). Polarization and the Political Agenda: Income Inequalities in Political Parties’ Manifestos in Poland. Contemporary Politics, 26(1), 84–105.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Wright, B. (2007, September 19). Review: Moral Politics How Liberals and Conservatives Think. The Coffee Coaster.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Yang, D. Y.-J., Preston, J. L., & Hernandez, I. (2013). Polarized Attitudes Toward the Ground Zero Mosque are Reduced by High-Level Construal. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4(2), 244–250.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Yang, J., Rojas, H., Wojcieszak, M., Aalberg, T., Coen, S., Curran, J., Hayashi, K., Iyengar, S., Jones, P. K., Mazzoleni, G., Papathanassopoulos, S., Rhee, J. W., Rowe, D., Soroka, S., & Tiffen, R. (2016). Why Are “Others” So Polarized? Perceived Political Polarization and Media Use in 10 Countries. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 21(5), 349–367.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Yarchi, M., Baden, C., & Kligler-Vilenchik, N. (2020). Political Polarization on the Digital Sphere: A Cross-platform, Over-time Analysis of Interactional, Positional, and Affective Polarization on Social Media. Political Communication, 1–42.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Yeşilada, B., Noordijk, P., & Webster, C. (2009). Religiosity and Social Values of the Cypriots. Social Compass, 56(1), 15–34.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Youngju, K., & Zhou, S. (2020). The Effects of Political Conflict News Frame on Political Polarization: A Social Identity Approach. International Journal of Communication, 14, 937–958.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Zimerman, A., & Pinheiro, F. (2020). Appearances can be Deceptive: Political Polarization, Agrarian Policy, and Coalitional Presidentialism in Brazil. Politics & Policy, 48(2), 339–371.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Zingher, J. N. (2014). An Analysis of the Changing Social Bases of America’s Political Parties: 1952–2008. Electoral Studies, 35, 272–282.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Allamong, M. B., & Peterson, D. A. M. (2020). Screw Those Guys: Polarization, Empathy, and Attitudes About Out‐Partisans. Political Psychology, 1–2
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Allcott, H., Boxell, L., Conway, J., Gentzkow, M., Thaler, M., & Yang, D. (2020). Polarization and Public Health: Partisan Differences in Social Distancing during the Coronavirus Pandemic. Journal of Public Economics, 191.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      (Autor, D., Dorn, D., Hanson, G., & Majlesi, K. (2016). Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure. NBER Working Paper No. 22637, 1–59.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Canen, N., Kendall, C., & Trebbi, F. (2020). Unbundling Polarization. Econometrica, 88(3), 1197–1233.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Green, J., Edgerton, J., Naftel, D., Shoub, K., & Cranmer, S. J. (2020). Elusive Consensus: Polarization in Elite Communication on the COVID-19 Pandemic. Science Advances, 6(28).
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Hagar, N., Wachs, J., & Horvát, E.-Á. (2021). Publishing Patterns Reflect Political Polarization in News Media. ArXiv:2101.05044 [Cs].
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Hart, P. S., Chinn, S., & Soroka, S. (2020). Politicization and Polarization in COVID-19 News Coverage. Science Communication, 42(5), 679–697.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      McCoy, J., & Somer, M. (2021). Overcoming Polarization. Journal of Democracy, 32(1), 6–21.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      McFarland, S., Webb, M., & Brown, D. (2012). All Humanity Is My Ingroup: A Measure and Studies of Identification with All Humanity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(5), 830–853.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Moore-Berg, S. L., Hameiri, B., & Bruneau, E. (2020). The Prime Psychological Suspects of Toxic Political Polarization. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 34, 199–204.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Moore-Berg, S. L., Parelman, J. M., Lelkes, Y., & Falk, E. B. (2020). Neural Polarization and Routes to Depolarization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(46), 28552–28554.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Satherley, N., Sibley, C. G., & Osborne, D. (2020). Identity, Ideology, and Personality: Examining Moderators of Affective Polarization in New Zealand. Journal of Research in Personality, 87, 1–12.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Schwalbe, M. C., Cohen, G. L., & Ross, L. D. (2020). The Objectivity Illusion and Voter Polarization in the 2016 Presidential Election. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(35), 21218–21229.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Somer, M., McCoy, J. L., & Luke, R. E. (2021). Pernicious Polarization, Autocratization and Opposition Strategies. Democratization, 1–20.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Tappin, B. M. (2020). Estimating the Between-Issue Variation in Party Elite Cue Effects. PsyArXiv.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Whitt, S., Yanus, A. B., McDonald, B., Graeber, J., Setzler, M., Ballingrud, G., & Kifer, M. (2020). Tribalism in America: Behavioral Experiments on Affective Polarization in the Trump Era. Journal of Experimental Political Science, 1–13.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Yarchi, M., Baden, C., & Kligler-Vilenchik, N. (2020). Political Polarization on the Digital Sphere: A Cross-platform, Over-time Analysis of Interactional, Positional, and Affective Polarization on Social Media. Political Communication, 1–42.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Röllicke, L. (2023). Polarisation, Identity and Affect-conceptualising Affective polarisation in Multi-party Aystems. Electoral Studies, 85.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Tichelbaecker, T. Gidron, N., Horne, W., Adams, J. (2023). What Do We Measure When We Measure Affective Polarization across Countries?, Public Opinion Quarterlynfad033,
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Tichelbaecker, T. Gidron, N., Horne, W., Adams, J. (2023). What Do We Measure When We Measure Affective Polarization across Countries?, Public Opinion Quarterlynfad033,
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Cole, J. C., Gillis, A. J., van der Linden, S., Cohen, M. A., & Vandenbergh, M. P. (2023). Social Psychological Perspectives on Political Polarization: Insights and Implications for Climate Change. Perspectives on Psychological Science.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Smith, F., Simchon,A., Holfırd, D.L., Lewandowsky, S. (2023). Reducing social media engagement with affectively polarised content via inoculation.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Akboga, S., Sahin, O., & Arik, E. (2023). Polarisation over the meaning of democracy: The case of political parties in Turkey. Politics, 0(0).
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Berntzen, L.E., Kelsall, H., Harteveld, E. (2023). Consequences of Affective Polarization: avoidance, Intolerance, and Support for Violence in the United Kingdom and Norway. European Journal of Political Aresearch.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Törnberg, P. (2022). How Digital Media Drive Affective Polarization Through Partisan sorting. PNAS, 119(42).
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Orhan, Y.E. (2022). The Relationship Between Affective Polarization and Democratic Backsliding: Comparative Evidence, Democratization, 29(4), 714-735.
    • ARTICLE
      MAKALE
      Harteveld, E., Mendoza, P. & Rooduijn, M. (2022). Affective Polarization and the populist Radical Right: Creating thr Hating?, Government & Opposition, 57, 703-727.

© Türkiye’de Kutuplaşmayı Azaltmaya Yönelik Stratejiler ve Araçlar Projesi (TurkuazLab)
Bu proje Marshall Fonu (GMF) ve İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Göç Çalışmaları Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi (BİLGİ-Göç) tarafından İsveç Uluslararası Kalkınma İşbirliği Ajansı’nın (SIDA) finansal desteği ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Web sitesinde yer alan bilgi ve görüşler SIDA’nın görüş ve tutumu olarak yansıtılamaz. Web site içeriği BİLGİ-Göç tarafından yürütülmektedir.

  • twitter
  • facebook
  • youtube
  • instagram
Close Menu
  • Hakkında
    • Proje Hakkında
    • Proje Ekibi
  • Duyurular
  • Projelerimiz
    • Türkiye’de Kutuplaşmanın Boyutları 2015
    • Türkiye’de Kutuplaşmanın Boyutları 2017
    • Türkiye’de Kutuplaşmanın Boyutları 2020
    • İnfodemi ile Etkin Mücadele
    • Türkiye’de Dezenformasyon Direnci İnşa Etmek
    • İnfodemi Eğitimi
  • Kaynaklar
    • Kutuplaşmayı Nasıl Aşarız?
    • Dünyadaki Çalışmalar
    • Türkiye’deki Çalışmalar
    • Akademik Kaynaklar
    • Medya – Blog Yazıları
    • Sesli Sözlük
    • Podcast
    • Webcast
  • Yayınlar
  • Çevrimiçi Eğitim Aracı
  • İletişim
  • ENGLISH

© Türkiye’de Kutuplaşmayı Azaltmaya Yönelik Stratejiler ve Araçlar Projesi

Tercihlerinizi ve tekrar ziyaretlerinizi hatırlayarak size en uygun deneyimi sunmak için web sitemizde çerezleri kullanıyoruz. “Tümünü Kabul Et” seçeneğine tıklayarak TÜM çerezlerin kullanımına izin vermiş olursunuz. Ancak, kontrollü bir onay vermek için "Çerez Ayarları"nı ziyaret edebilirsiniz.
Çerez AyarlarıTümünü kabul et
Manage consent

Privacy Overview

This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.
Necessary
Her Zaman Etkin
Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously.
ÇerezSüreAçıklama
cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional11 monthsThe cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-others11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".
viewed_cookie_policy11 monthsThe cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.
Functional
Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features.
Performance
Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors.
Analytics
Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.
Advertisement
Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads.
Others
Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet.
KAYDET & ONAYLA